Search results for "production [dark matter]"

Some morphological, anatomical, physiological responses of different olive cultivars to high temperatures and drought stress

2004

The aim of this work is to find relationships between morphology and physiology in three different olive cultivars: Biancolilla, Cerasuola and Nocellara del Belice, when plants were subjected to high temperature and drought. These cultivars are estensively used in Sicily for productive purposes. The results about ultrastructural and physiological studies on shoot growth, leaf anatomy, chloroplast ultrastructure and oxygen production, indicate that Biancolilla is the cultivar in which the studied traits showed fewer changes and can be considered to have the best tolerance to both high temperatures and water deficit. In the other hand, the morphological and physiological characteristics studi…

Levels and determinants of income and agricultural production in Mali

1984

Putting Inputs to Work in Elementary Schools: What Can Be Done in the Philippines?

1997

The paper consists in estimating a value-added educational production function of primary education in the Philippines. The information used match household and school-based survey data. The Huber White technique is used so as to take into account the problem of heteroscedasticity when merging individual pupil variables with class/school variables; this procedure helps relate the outcome side of the production (student learning) that concerns the individual level with the input side (school inputs such as teacher qualification, class-size, availability of pedagogical materials, ..) that concerns an aggregate level (class or school). The results show that students taught by a teachers holdin…

Production risk, risk aversion and the determination of risk attitudes among Spanish rice producers

2011

Agricultural production is subject to risk and the attitudes of producers toward risk will influence input choices insofar as these affect production risk. Risk attitudes in turn may be affected by certain socioeconomic characteristics of producers. Using 2004 survey data from a cross-section of 130 Spanish rice farms, we estimate risk-aversion coefficients of farmers and investigate the influence of a series of socioeconomic variables on their risk attitudes. Our results show that farmers exhibit risk-averse behavior and that risk attitudes are related to a series of socioeconomic characteristics. In particular, the belief that the farm will continue after the producer retires is found to …

Is the environmental performance of industrialized countries converging? A ‘SURE’ approach to testing for convergence

2008

In this paper, we test for convergence in the environmental performance of a sample of OECD countries, with data ranging from 1971 to 2002. First, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compute two environmental performance indicators (EPIs) in the production theory framework. Second, we propose the use of a sequential multivariate approach to test for convergence in environmental performance. These tests allow us to reconcile the time series literature with the cross-sectional dimension, which is basic when testing for convergence in regional blocs. The SURE technique is used, which allows for the existence of correlations across the series without imposing a common speed of mean revers…

Current research issues in production economics

2020

This Special Issue includes a selection of papers originally presented and discussed at the Twentieth International Working Seminar on Pro- duction and Operations Management, Innsbruck, February 19–23, 2018, and subsequently extended and improved. Production and Operations Management was established in the1970s as an academic discipline focusing on scientific topics treating the interface between engineering, management, and economics with a special emphasis on financial consequences of decisions in the produc- tion domain. The subject is interdisciplinary in nature and it therefore contains a wide range of topics. The Working Seminar included sessions such as supply chain management, innov…

BOD7 production function of the Finnish pulp and paper industry

2001

Traditional neoclassical production theory analyzes the relationship in a production process between inputs and outputs which have a positive market value for the producer. The externalities of production, which have nonpositive market values, are discarded or included as the cost in a cost function. This paper studies the relationship between biological oxygen demand (BOD) emissions, an output of nonpositive value, and traditional factors of production, that is, investments, labor, output, and raw materials. An emissions production function is theoretically presented and empirically estimated with data from the Finnish pulp and paper industry. The approach is based on the observation that …

Parcours scolaires, accès aux études supérieures et mobilité sociale : comparaison entre la France, la Suisse et le Canada

2016

Le présent article examine dans quelle mesure l’organisation des trajectoires scolaires et les parcours conduisant à l'enseignement supérieur favorisent la mobilité sociale ou au contraire la reproduction des inégalités. Nous avons comparé trois pays : la France, la Suisse et le Canada. Les résultats obtenus à partir des données tirées des panels d’enquêtes menées dans ces trois pays permettent d’observer deux situations inversées. Plus l’enseignement supérieur est valorisé au détriment de la formation professionnelle, plus les inégalités ont tendance à s’exacerber. La compétition y est telle que ce sont les jeunes de milieu favorisé qui tirent davantage profit de son expansion. Par contre,…

L'orientation, un rouage important dans la genèse des inégalités sociales à l'école

1989

National audience

Les nouvelles technologies vont-elles creuser les écarts entre pays riches et pauvres ?

2000

Actes des deuxièmes entretiens internationaux sur l'enseignement à distance, 1er et 2 décembre 1999; International audience; Cette communication s'intéresse aux conséquences de l'introduction des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) dans les systèmes éducatifs à l'échelle mondiale. Elle montre que les écarts entre pays riches et pays pauvres ont tendance à se creuser, tant au point de vue de la richesse économique qu'à celui du développement des systèmes éducatifs. Malgré les spectaculaires réductions des prix des matériels et des logiciels, les capacités des pays dits les moins avancés à s'approprier les TIC dans les processus d'apprentissage sont très compromises en …